Thermal runaway (TR) is a phenomenon where a cell enters into an uncontrollable heat generating state that ends in the cell venting gases/ particulate, fire and/explosion. TR typically starts when temperature in cell reaches about 120 – 140 °C because of heat build up when heat generated inside battery is much greater than heat dissipated out.

In two words, “Thermal Runaway,” which leads to cells venting gases that ultimately develops into fire and/or explosion.

GrafX has high thermal conductivity (15-20 W/m-k), is compact and light-weight (about 0.4 to 0.5 kg per kWh, density about 900 kg/m3), GrafX keeps battery cooler, thus enhances performance and increases battery life.

When one cell undergoes thermal runaway, temperature of the adjacent neighbor cells rises rapidly because of very close proximity, propagating these neighbor cells into thermal runaway. This propagation starts a chain reaction and the whole battery catches fire.